Past BME Seminars
2006-2007
2005-2006
2004-2005
2003-2004
2002-2003
2001-2002
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2004-2005 BME Seminar Series
Support for the seminar series is provided by our Industry
Affiliates.
- September 16
Omar Ghattas, PhD
Director, Ultrascale Simulation Lab
Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering
Professor, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Carnegie Mellon University
Image-based Deformable Registration for Patient-Specific Surgical
Simulation
Direct generation of high-quality patient-specific physical models
for surgical simulation requires image segmentation, surface reconstruction,
mesh generation, and model construction, and is difficult to automate fully
for complex anatomic geometries. We consider simulation of orthopedic surgical
procedures based on CT images. We overcome the problem of generating patient-specific
models by generating several high-quality template meshes offline. Then,
for a given patient's CT image, we employ image-based registration techniques
to elastically deform the template mesh so that it conforms to the patient's
geometry. Examples demonstrate that direct-from-CT finite element models
can be generated rapidly and robustly.
- September 23
Bernhard
Palsson, PhD
Professor, Department of Bioengineering
University of California at San Diego
Bringing Genomes To Life: The Role of Genome-Scale In Silico
Models
- October 7
Charles
Friedman, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Director of the Center for Biomedical
Informatics,
and Director of the Medical Informatics Training Program
University of Pittsburgh
A Fundamental Theorem of Biomedical Informatics OR What Is Informatics
Anyway?
- October 21
Robert Murphy, PhD
Professor of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering
Carnegie Mellon University
Location Proteomics: Protein Tagging, High-Throughput Fluorescence
Microscopy and Machine Learning
- October 28
Matthew
O'Donnell, PhD
Professor and Chair, Biomedical Engineering
Professor, Electrical Engineering & Computer Science
Jerry W. and Carol L. Levin Professor of Engineering
University of Michigan
Can Vulnerable Plaques Really Be Detected?
- November 18
Kevin Healy, PhD
Associate Professor, Departments of Bioengineering and Materials
Science & Engineering
University of California at Berkeley
Challenges in Designing Materials that Dictate Tissue Regeneration
A central limitation in the performance of materials used in
the medical device industry is that they lack the ability to integrate with
biological systems through either a molecular or cellular pathway. This inability
to interact with biological systems has relegated biomaterials to a passive
role dictated by the constituents of a particular environment, leading to
unfavorable outcomes and device failure in some cases. New classes of materials
are being designed to overcome this limitation by actively directing the
formation of organ specific tissue in contact with the material. Toward this
goal, we have designed and synthesized model biomimetic materials that can
be used to test hypotheses regarding cell-materials interactions. This lecture
will first emphasize surface engineering strategies for modification of medical
devices and subsequently will address design rules to guide the synthesis
and fabrication of artificial extracellular matrices for in situ tissue
regeneration. The universal nature of biomimetic modification strategies
and characterization modalities will be addressed in the context of these
examples.
- February 3
Mark Saltzman,
PhD
Goizueta Foundation Professor of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
Chair, Department of Biomedical Engineering
Yale University
"Controlled Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy"
- February 17
Professor Dame
Julia M. Polak
Imperial College Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Centre
Chelsea & Westminster Campus
London, England
"Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine"
Regenerative medicine is an emerging field that
approaches the repair or replacement of tissues and organs by incorporating
the use of cells, genes or other biological building blocks along with
bioengineered materials and technologies. Advances in stem cell biology,
including the isolation and characterization of embryonic and post-natal
somatic stem cells, have made the prospect of tissue regeneration a potential
clinical reality. The Imperial College Tissue Engineering & Regenerative
Medicine Centre is a base of operations for the college's leading scientists
and clinicians to pool their expertise to develop tissue engineering, cellular
therapies, biosurgery and artificial and biohybrid organ devices. Currently,
the Centre is focusing on the repair of the musculo-skeletal and cardio-pulmonary
systems testing a variety of approaches to control the differentiation
of stem cells to the required cell phenotypes. Thus, continuously renewable
pools of cells for repair are being established by deriving mature phenotypes,
specifically osteoblasts, chondrocytes and pneumocytes, from stem cells
and these are being grown with the aim of constructing tissues for implantation.
In parallel, the mechanisms controlling naturally occurring repair systems
are being investigated in order to identify potential means for upregulation.
- March 24
Lori Setton, PhD
Mary Milus Yoh and Harold L Yoh, Jr. Bass
Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Assistant Research Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Duke University
"A Rational Approach to the Design of Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair"
An important goal of successful cartilage repair is early restoration
of the native mechanical, physicochemical, and biochemical environments.
Challenges exist, however, in simultaneously achieving these goals with any
one strategy. Our laboratory has interests in determining optimal solutions
for cartilage repair based on clusters of mechanical, physicochemical and
biochemical parameters that are identified numerically or statistically.
Using sets of injectable, in situ crosslinking scaffolds, we illustrate a
rational approach to biomaterial design that is appropriate for achieving
a targeted set of outcomes for cartilage repair.
- April 7
Yoram Rudy, PhD
The Fred Saigh Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Washington University at St. Louis
"From Genetics to Cellular Function Using Computational Biology"
Most experimental data on the kinetic properties of cardiac ion
channels and their modification by genetic defects have been obtained in
expression systems (e.g., Xenopus oocyte), away from the cellular environment
where these channels function to generate the cardiac action potential. In
my presentation, I will describe the use of computational biology (computer
simulations) in integrating such information on single ion channels into
models of the functioning cardiac cell. We use this approach to mechanistically
relate molecular processes to whole-cell electrophysiological function and
its manifestation in electrocardiographic waveforms. Examples will be provided
from the congenital Long QT Syndrome and the Brugada Syndrome.
- May 5
Julia
Babensee, PhD
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
"Biomaterials as Adjuvants"
The advent of innovative combination products has raised new
regulatory concerns previously not considered. Some such combination products
combine biomaterials with cells, DNA, or proteins, and include tissue engineered
constructs in which cells are delivered with a polymer component and protein
or DNA vaccine systems with non-viral polymeric carriers. Since biomaterials
are used as vehicles in such combination products, it is important to clarify
the role of the biomaterial component in potentiating the immune responses
towards the biological component due to the adjuvant effect of the biomaterial.
In tissue engineering applications, immune responses are to be minimized
while vaccine strategies seek to enhance the protective immune response.
We have shown that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a polymer commonly
used in combination products, acts as an adjuvant in the immune response
against co-delivered antigen. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that PLGA
is a maturation stimulus for dendritic cells (DCs), the key antigen presenting
cells, which when mature stimulate effective immune responses. A differential
adjuvant effect has been demonstrated depending on the biomaterial used to
treat DCs. The host response towards combination products is a fundamental
limitation to translating what has been successful in vitro to success in
vivo. There are a number of devices in the pipeline where there is the
potential for immunological responses which can compromise device effectiveness.
This research begins to put together the kinds of tools which will be needed
to clarify the immunological situation with these devices and develop strategies
to control immune responses so that the devices function as intended. In
this way, use of these novel medical devices will be successfully translated
from the lab bench to the living being.
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